Electromacnetic automotive vehicle brake



Fig.1-

Aug. 2,- 1932.- v, AP LE I 1,869,876 E ELECTROMAGNETIC AUTOMOTIVEVEHICLE BRAKE Filed Feb. 25, 1929 //V 1 15 /V TOR.

latented Aug. 2, i232 FINGER! GQAPPLE, 0F DAYlOlt', @HIO, ASSIGNOB "10rarest orrics miumx ems comrsivv, or

@U'IH BEND, INDIANA, A CGRPGBATION OF ILLINOIS ElhfiTEQMAGNETEGAUTQMGTIVE VEHICLE BRAKE Application filed @ehrnary 28, N29. enial No.341,882.

This invention relates to vehicle brakes of the class wherein stationaryand moving triction elements are brought into engagement with each otherby electro-magnetic means, and wherein the brake friction members, theiroperating means and associated supporting parts are of novelconstruction and arranged and correlated upon the wheel in a novelmanner, and an object of the, invention is to provide a structure havingmaximum brake applying force for itssize.

Another object is to so construct the magnetic element as to insureprotection against water or other foreign matter which mightaccidentally get within the mechanism, and to so mount and support thesame upon the hub and with respect to the brake friction members as tooccupy a minimum protected space and to operate with a maximum ofeficiency.

Another object is to provide readily accessi= ble novel adjusting meansto compensate for wear, which cooperate in a novel combination with thebrake friction member, support therefor, and actuating means.

Qther objects will become apparent to those skilled in the art as theinvention is described in detail and reference is made to the drawing,wherein Fig. 1 is a vertical axial action through a front vehicle wheelto which my brake is applied.

Fig. 2 is a part section taken at 2-2 Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a part section taken at 3-8 Fig. 1.

In the drawing the front axle 10, steerin knuckle l2, knuckle pin 14,spindle 16, he cap 18, riin 20, tire 22 and bearings 24, 26 and 28 areof substantially standard construction.

The nut and lock nut 30 and 32 secure the outer race of bearing 28 tohub 34 and together form a recess for felt washer 36.

The wheel disc 38 varies from the conventional only in that it issuitably formed to ad- .mit the special braking mechanism hereindescribed. It is secured to flange 46 of hub 34 by nuts 44 in the usualmanner.

The brake drum 46difi'ers greatly from the conventional drum in that itis composed of heavier material and has a tapered outer rim 48. Theinner diameter has a series of teeth 50 which are slidably fitted overcorresponding teeth 52 on hub 34 (see Fig. 2). By these teeth drum 46 isrotatedly driven by hub 34 but is axially movable thereon. A spring 54urges drum 46 toward the wheel disc 38 and the inner bolt of securingnut 44, which projects slightly inwardly of the wheel disc 88, functionsas a stop to limit the outer movement of said drum under the-urge ofthespring. The drum 46 is preferably made of a material having a highdegree or" magnetic permeability.

The backing plate 56 is held to flange 58 of knuckle 12 by rivets 60,and the stationary elements of the brake are secured thereto.

,A hollow core 62 having an outwardly extending flange 64 is wound witha plurality of turns 66 of strip copper or other conductive material.The inner turn of the strip is welded or otherwise electrically securedto the core and is thereby grounded to the vehicle frame. T he outerturn is curled around a plain end 68 of binding post screw 70 andelectrically joined thereto by welding or similar means (see Fig.v 3). Arelatively large opening 72 through flange 64 and backing plate 56permits binding post screw 70 to pass through, leaving space around it.A cover 74 of insulation is then molded around the coil and bindingpost, and into a plurality of openings as at 7 6 through flange 64whereby the coil is secured to the flange and protected by the coveragainst moisture, grease or other foreign material.

A ring '78 having tapered outer periphery is faced with brakeliningmaterial 82 of suitable friction coefici'ent. Ring 78 isconcentrically supported b the cover 74 and may be moved axially tereover for adjustment as to take up for wear. A series ofcircumferentially spaced apart adjusting screws, one of wh1ch appears at84, extend through tapped holes in flange 64 and are therefore adaptedto urge ring 78, axially and away from the flange. Another series ofcircumferentially s aced apart adjusting screws, one of which appears at86, extend through clearance holes in flange 64 into tipped holes inring 78 and are therefore .spted to-draw ring 7 8 toward the tlange.

connected by cable to binding post screw-70 with a suitable controllerin the circuit. When the circuit is closed drum 46 is drawn againstspring 54 toward core 62 and flange 64, tending to close the gaps 90 and92. The

ring 78 however is so adjusted that the rotating drum 46 engages thestationary facing 82 before gaps 90 and 92 are entirely closed therebycausing brakin of the moving elements to be efi'ected. Vhen the electriccircuit is again broken the spring 54 returns drum 46 to its normalunoperated position.

WVear of facing 82 may be compensated for by adjusting the screws 84 and86'as described and, since a magnetic structure of the kind shown iscapable of exerting its greatest effort just before the. gaps 90 and 92are completely closed, it is important that, in makmg theseadjustmentsthe ring 78 be so positioned axially as to permit engagement of rim 48with facing 82 just before the gaps are closed.

I claim:

1. A vehicle brake comprising, in combination, a wheel hub, a frictionmember rotatable therewith but axially movable' thereon and adapted to,transmit torque directly thereto, a cooperating stationary frictionmember, an electric coil adapted to actuate said movable friction memberinto engagement with said stationaryfriction member, and means to returnsaid axially movable friction member when magnetization thereof isdiscontinued.

2. In a vehicle brake, a wheel, a friction member coupled directlytherewith but having limited movement along its axis, a stationaryfriction member adapted to be engaged by said movable friction member,an electric coil adapted to cause limited movement of said movablefriction member, and

means to adjust said stationary friction member to such position as willinsure engagement of the two friction members just before the movablemember reaches the limit of its movement.

3. In a vehicle brake, a wheel, a brake drum rotatable therewith andhaving a conical rim, said drum having limited movement along the axisof the wheel, a stationary conical member adapted to be frictionallyengaged by said conical rim, an electric coil adapted to move said drumaxially into engagement with said stationary conical memrim, said drumhaving limited movement' along the axis of the wheel, a stationaryconical member adapted to be frictionally engaged by said conical rim,an electric coll adapted to move said drum axially into engagement withsaid stationary conical member and means to axially adjust and aflixSaid conical member in such position as will permit engagement of saidrim and-stationary member just before the limit of axial travel of saiddrum is reached.-

5. In a vehicle brake, a wheel, a wheel driven axially movableconical-rimmed brake drum, a backing plate, a flan ed core, an axiallyadjustable cone adapted to be frictionally engaged by the conical rim ofsaid drum, an electric coil wound on said core and adapted to draw saiddrum into frictional engagement with said cone. 7

6. n a vehicle brake, a wheel, a wheel driven axially movableconical-rimmed brake drum, a' backing plate, a flanged core, an axiallyadjustable cone adapted to be frictionally engaged by 'the conical rimof said drum, an electric coil wound on said core and adapted to drawsaid drum into frictional engagement with said cone, and means toaxially adjust and rigidly aflix said cone to such position as willcompel engagement with said rim just before said drum and .said corecome together.

7. In a vehicle brake, the combination of a rotatably driven axiallymovable conicalrimmed brake drum, a backing plate, a flanged coresecured to said backing plate, an electric coil wound on said core andadapted tomagnetically energize said drum and said core whereby saiddrum is drawn toward said core, a cone around said coil and within saiddrum positioned to engage and stop axial movement of said drum justbefore said drum meets said core.

8. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel, a brakedrum carried thereby and rotatable therewith but I movable axiallythereover, a cooperating non-rotatable friction member, an electriccoilhaving an annular angular core arranged artly within said drum andspaced a limited distance from the inner peripheral margin thereof andpartly outside of the drum and spaced alimited distance from the outerperiphery thereof, and adapted to actuate said movable frictionmemberinto braking engagement with the non-rotatable friction member.

9. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel, a brakedrum car ried thereby and rotatable therewith but movable axiallythereover, an electric coil having an annular angular core arrangedtionally en partly within said drum and spaced a limiteddistance fromthe inner peripheral margin thereof and partly outside of the drum andspaced substantially the same limited distance from the outer peripheralmargin of the drum, said coil having a winding about the core within thedrum, a non-rotatable friction member arranged within the drum about thewinding of the coil to be frictionally engaged by the movable frictionmember.

10. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel, a brakedrum carried thereby and rotatable therewith but movable axiallythereover, an electric coil having an annular angular core arrangedpartly within said drum andspaced a limited distance from the innerperipheral margin thereof and partly outside of the drum and spacedsubstantially the same limited distance from the outer peripheral marginof the drum, said coil having a winding about the core within the drum,

9. non-rotatable friction member arranged within the drum about thewinding of thecoil to be frictionally engaged by the movable frictionmember and movable to adjusted positions over the coil winding towardand away from the core of the coil.

11. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel, afriction member coupled directly therewith but movable axially withrespect thereto, a stationary backing plate, a second friction membercarried by the back'ng plate and adapted to be fric- Laged by themovable friction member, two sets of screws carried bythe backing plate,each set being adjustable to position the second friction member withrespect to the backing plate, one set in one direction and the other setin the opposite direction.

12. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising,

- in combination, a wheel, a brake drum carried thereby and rotatabletherewith but mov-; able axially thereover, an electric coil having anannular angular core arranged partly within said drum, a non-rotatablefriction member arranged about said coil and adapted to be frictionallyengaged thereby, a spring arranged within said core exerting an axialthrust on the movable friction member with respect to the non-rotatablefriction member.

13. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel, a brakedrum carried thereby and rotatable therewith but movable axiallythereover, an eler-tric coil having an annular angular core arrangedpartly within said drum, a winding upon the core within the drum, anon-rotatable fric-.

tion member arranged within the drum above the winding, said coiladapted to draw the movable frictional member into braking engagementwith the non-rotatable friction member, and a s ring within the coreexerting a thrust upon t e movable friction member holding the sameyieldingly away from the non-rotatable friction member.

14. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, 'a wheel havinga hub provided with a disk supporting flange, a brake drum mounted uponthe hub to rotate therewith but movable axially thereover, and meanssecuring the disk to the flange of the hub and engaging the said drum toassist in positioning the same upon the hub.

15. Vehicle brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a wheel having ahub provided with av flange adapted to support a brake friction member,a friction member mounted on said flange for axial movement thereover,said flange and friction member having interengaging projections wherebythey rotate as one piece, a coil spring about j the hub engaging saidfriction member at one end tending to position the friction member uponthe flange.

16. In combination with apparatus of'the class described, a wheel huband a brake drum secured directly thereto to permit axial movement withrespect thereto.

17. In combination with apparatus of the class described, a wheel huband a brake drum secured directly thereto to permit axial.

movement with respect thereto, and means retaining said drum at oneextremity of its axial range of movement.

18. in combination with brake mechanism of the class described, a brakedrum having an internal frictional peripheral surface, a wheel hubhaving a wheel disc secured thereto, said drum bein secured to saidwheel hub to permit limite axial movement of the former along thelatter, means for limitin such axial movement in both directions, an

means for normally retaining said drum at comprising, in combination, amagnetizable drum carried by the wheel to rotate therewith but movableaxially "thereover, and stationary brake friction means arranged fromthe drum to be engaged thereby to retard its ro- Jation.

22. Brake mechanism for a rotatable wheel having a hub and a hollpwenclosure thereabout comprising a gnetizable brake drum supported on thehub within said enclosure to rotate with the hub but movable axiallythereover, non-rotatable brake friction means arranged within said drumwithin 5 the enclosure, and electro-magnetic means arranged within saiddrum within the enclosure'operable to actuate the drum to engage thenon-rotatable brake friction means to retard the rotation of the wheel.

19 23. Brake mechanism fora vehicle wheel having a hub provided with awheel disc supporting flange, brake friction means coupled with the hubfor rotation but movable axially thereover, a wheel disc and meanssecuring said disc to the flange on the hub, said means cooperating toassist in positioning said axially movable brake friction means.

24. Brake mechanism for a vehicle wheel 20 having a hub comprising, incombination, a- I brake friction disc coupled with the hub for rotationbut movable with respect thereto, and a wheel supporting element securedto the hub by means adapted to assist in positioning said brake frictiondisc on the hub.

25. Brake mechanism for a vehicle wheel having a hub comprising, incombination, a brake friction disc coupled with the hub for rotationmovable axially thereover, and a a wheel supporting element secured tothe hub by means adapted to assist in determining the position of saidbrake friction disc on the hub.

26. Brake mechanism comprising, in combination, a channel of insulationmaterial anti an electric coil arranged within said channel, a brakefriction member encircling said channel and adjustably slidablethereover, and a second brake friction member of magnetizable materialadapted to be acted upon to be drawn into engagement with said firstbrake friction member.

27. Brake mechanism comprising, in combinationwith a rotatable brake(1mm, an annular channel of insulating niaterial arranged within thedrum, a ma netic coil within said channel, an annular rake frictionelement encircling said channel and slidably supported upon the basethereof for 9 adjustment axially thereover.

28. Brake mechanism fora vehicle wheel having a hub provided with awheel supporting disc shaped to inwardly overhang said hub, a stationarybacking plate, an an- 55 nular member carried by said disc cooperatingwith said backing plate forming an enclosure about the hub, andelectro-magnetic friction means arranged within said enclosure.

' In testimony whereof, I, VINCENT G.

APPLE, sign this specification.

' V INCENT G. APPLE.

